By Miles Pennington, Senior Correspondent
A powerful G4-class geomagnetic storm is forecasted to create a spectacular display of the northern lights across 13 U.S. states from June 2 to June 3, 2025. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has issued a G4 (Severe) Geomagnetic Storm watch, offering skywatchers a rare opportunity to witness the aurora borealis in regions unaccustomed to such phenomena.
Solar Storm Sparks Rare Aurora Display
The storm, triggered by a coronal mass ejection (CME) from a highly active sunspot region, is expected to intensify as it interacts with Earth’s magnetic field. These CMEs are large expulsions of plasma and magnetic field from the sun’s corona and, when directed at Earth, can cause disturbances in the planet’s magnetosphere. When these particles collide with gases in Earth’s atmosphere, they produce the stunning visual spectacle known as the aurora borealis.
Typically confined to polar regions, the aurora is forecasted to be visible as far south as Illinois and Oregon. States such as Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, and parts of New York are among those most likely to witness the colorful display. The best viewing times are predicted to be between 10 p.m. and 2 a.m. local time, when skies are darkest and auroral activity peaks.
Best Viewing Practices
Experts advise heading to rural or elevated areas away from urban light pollution for the clearest view. Wide, open skies offer the best vantage points, particularly those with a northern exposure. Clear weather will also be essential, so skywatchers are encouraged to check local forecasts before heading out.
For photographers aiming to capture the event, using long exposure settings and a tripod can help produce vivid images. Smartphone users may benefit from camera apps with manual control features to enhance image quality in low-light conditions. Patience is key, as auroral activity can vary in intensity and duration throughout the night.
Broader Implications
While the visual spectacle is the most publicized aspect of geomagnetic storms, there are also potential technological consequences. High-intensity solar storms like the G4 can interfere with satellite operations, GPS navigation, radio communications, and even power grids. Airline operations at high latitudes may also be affected, with potential rerouting of polar flights.
Despite these risks, geomagnetic storms are also valuable to scientists studying the sun-Earth connection. They provide a rare chance to monitor how solar activity impacts Earth’s upper atmosphere and can inform future safeguards for space- and ground-based technologies. Increased solar activity is part of the sun’s natural 11-year cycle, with peak periods typically resulting in more frequent and intense geomagnetic events.
The current cycle, known as Solar Cycle 25, is expected to peak around 2025, meaning similar storms could become more common over the next couple of years. These conditions make it a promising time for both scientific study and public engagement with space weather phenomena.
A Community Experience
Communities across the northern U.S. are preparing for the event with public viewing parties and astronomy club gatherings. Local observatories and parks are organizing educational events to help residents understand the science behind the spectacle.
Schools and community centers have also joined the excitement, with some planning to livestream the event or host science-themed nights. These events not only provide entertainment but also foster curiosity and learning about our planet’s place in the solar system.
The rare opportunity to view the aurora borealis so far south has captivated the interest of millions, turning this natural occurrence into a shared cultural moment. Families, amateur astronomers, and curious onlookers alike are all preparing for what could be a once-in-a-lifetime experience.
